翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Birth and Rebirth ・ Birth and the Burial ・ Birth attendant ・ Birth certificate ・ Birth control ・ Birth Control (band) ・ Birth control (disambiguation) ・ Birth Control (film) ・ Birth Control Council of America ・ Birth control in Africa ・ Birth control in the United States ・ Birth Control International Information Centre ・ Birth control movement in the United States ・ Birth Control Review ・ Birth Control Revolution ・ Birth credit ・ Birth Day ・ Birth dearth ・ Birth flower ・ Birth house of Anton Chekhov ・ Birth in Ghana ・ Birth in Reverse ・ Birth injury ・ Birth of a Beauty ・ Birth of a Cynic ・ Birth of a Giant ・ Birth of a Nation (1983 film) ・ Birth of a Notion ・ Birth of a Notion (film) ・ Birth of a Notion (short story) Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Birth credit ： ウィキペディア英語版 Birth credit A "choice-based, marketable, birth license plan" or "birth credits" for population control has been promoted by urban designer and environmental activist Michael E. Arth since the 1990s.〔http://www.corrupt.org/act/interviews/michael_e_arth/ Interview with Michael E. Arth by Alex Birch〕 Previous iterations of similar transferable birth licensing schemes can also be traced to economist Kenneth Boulding (1964) and ecological economist Herman Daly (1991)〔Philip A. Lawn, ''Toward Sustainable Development'', Lewis Publishers, 2000, ISBN 1-56670-411-1 p. 299.〕〔() Joseph Cox, ''Will Charging People Money to Have Kids Save the World From Overpopulation'', VICE United Kingdom, 24 June 2013〕 Arth offers birth credits in the place of solutions to human overpopulation that may take too long (like economic development and traditional family planning), are impractical (like space colonization), or cruel (like forced sterility, genocide, famine, disease, and war).〔 ==Implementation== Arth's plan, as described in his books ''The Labors of Hercules'' and ''Democracy and the Common Wealth'', is a way to precisely set human population levels while still preserving choice. Birth credits would allow any woman to have as many children as she wants, as long as she buys a license for any children beyond an average allotment that would result in zero population growth. If that allotment was determined to be one child, for example, then the first child would be free, and the market would determine the cost of the license for each additional child. Extra credits would expire after a certain time, so these credits could not be hoarded by speculators. An advantage of the scheme is that the affluent would not buy them because they already limit their family size by choice, as evidenced by an average of 1.1 children per European woman.〔Arth, Michael E. (2010). ''Democracy and the Common Wealth: Breaking the Stranglehold of the Special Interests.'' Golden Apples Media, ISBN 978-0-912467-12-2, pp. 352-361.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Birth credit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.